1. The scale
China has 24 free trade agreements covering 31 countries and regions, plus the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement.
More than half of China’s trade now moves under a preferential arrangement of some kind.
2. The agreements
Asia
ASEAN, Korea, Pakistan, Georgia, Cambodia, RCEP, and Sri Lanka in negotiation.
Oceania
Australia, New Zealand.
Latin America
Chile, Peru, Costa Rica, Ecuador.
Europe
Switzerland, Iceland, Serbia.
Eurasia
Russia and the EAEU states under the non-preferential agreement.
Africa
Mauritius.
3. Where there is no agreement
Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Colombia.
Russia and the EAEU: no preferential agreement, though a non-preferential one exists.
Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan.
4. The consequence
For these markets, the MFN rate applies and no preferential certificate exists.
An exporter who orders a preferential certificate for Brazil is asking for something that does not exist.
5. The categories that matter most
Mutual recognition
Some agreements are being upgraded: Peru, Switzerland and ASEAN 3.0.
New negotiations
Several are under negotiation or concluded but not yet in force.
6. The working map
One sheet, one row per destination, with the agreement, the certificate form, and whether it is in force.
7. Closing view
The agreement map is the foundation of the origin question.
Without it, exporters either miss preferences or chase ones that do not exist.
*This article is based on China’s free trade agreement network as of October 2026.*